Discussion:

Individual authenticators include the following: passwords, key cards, cryptographic devices, and one-time password devices. Initial authenticator content is the actual content of the authenticator, for example, the initial password. In contrast, the requirements about authenticator content include the minimum password length. Developers ship system components with factory default authentication credentials to allow for initial installation and configuration. Default authentication credentials are often well known, easily discoverable, and present a significant security risk.

Systems support authenticator management by organization-defined settings and restrictions for various authenticator characteristics including minimum password length, validation time window for time synchronous one-time tokens, and number of allowed rejections during the verification stage of biometric authentication. Authenticator management includes issuing and revoking, when no longer needed, authenticators for temporary access such as that required for remote maintenance. Device authenticators include certificates and passwords.

[SP 800-63-3] provides guidance on digital identities.

Determining Statements (NIST SP 800-171Ar2)

3.5.2[a] the identity of each user is authenticated or verified as a prerequisite to system
access.
3.5.2[b] the identity of each process acting on behalf of a user is authenticated or
verified as a prerequisite to system access.
3.5.2[c] the identity of each device accessing or connecting to the system is
authenticated or verified as a prerequisite to system access.

Assessors are instructed to-

Examine: [SELECT FROM: Identification and authentication policy; system security plan; procedures addressing authenticator management; procedures addressing user identification and authentication; system design documentation; list of system authenticator types; system configuration settings and associated documentation; change control records associated with managing system authenticators; system audit logs and records; other relevant documents or records].

Interview: [SELECT FROM: Personnel with authenticator management responsibilities; personnel with information security responsibilities; system or network administrators].

Test: [SELECT FROM: Mechanisms supporting or implementing authenticator management capability].